Trying Biology: The Scopes Trial, Textbooks, and the Antievolution Movement in American Schools, by Adam R. Shapiro
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Trying Biology: The Scopes Trial, Textbooks, and the Antievolution Movement in American Schools, by Adam R. Shapiro
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In Trying Biology, Adam R. Shapiro convincingly dispels many conventional assumptions about the 1925 Scopes “monkey” trial. Most view it as an event driven primarily by a conflict between science and religion. Countering this, Shapiro shows the importance of timing: the Scopes trial occurred at a crucial moment in the history of biology textbook publishing, education reform in Tennessee, and progressive school reform across the country. He places the trial in this broad context—alongside American Protestant antievolution sentiment—and in doing so sheds new light on the trial and the historical relationship of science and religion in America. For the first time we see how religious objections to evolution became a prevailing concern to the American textbook industry even before the Scopes trial began. Shapiro explores both the development of biology textbooks leading up to the trial and the ways in which the textbook industry created new books and presented them as “responses” to the trial. Today, the controversy continues over textbook warning labels, making Shapiro’s study—particularly as it plays out in one of America’s most famous trials—an original contribution to a timely discussion.
Trying Biology: The Scopes Trial, Textbooks, and the Antievolution Movement in American Schools, by Adam R. Shapiro - Amazon Sales Rank: #3100664 in Books
- Published on: 2015-03-02
- Released on: 2013-05-21
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 9.00" h x .60" w x 6.00" l, .0 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 200 pages
Trying Biology: The Scopes Trial, Textbooks, and the Antievolution Movement in American Schools, by Adam R. Shapiro Review “If you have an interest in the antievolution movement in the USA you will want to read this book.” (Ian Paulsen Guardian)“A gripping, moving, and enlightening story.” (Carla Nappi New Books in Education)“This is a fascinating history, painstakingly documented and thought provoking. . . . [R]eaders of this book will learn a lot, not just about the trial but about the deep roots of social trends and public policies that still hold sway in 2013. Highly recommended.” (D. A. Rintoul, Kansas State University Choice)"This thoughtful study explains more than we have known before about the importance of the Scopes trial to the history of science and religion." (Simon Underdown Times Higher Education Supplement)"This thoughtful study explains more than we have known before about the importance of the Scopes trial to the history of science and religion." (Isis)“An interesting and helpful read. . . . Shapiro’s account has certainly caused me to rethink this infamous trial and its influence on evolution education.” (Aaron J. Sickel, Ohio University Science Education)“[A] masterful reevaluation of the infamous ‘Monkey Trial’ of 1925. . . . Engagingly written. . . . Beyond its important insights into how issues in the textbook industry and matters of curriculum policy shaped the Scopes trial, Trying Biology offers an oft-needed reminder of the need to interrogate critically the claims of historical actors.” (David Mislin History of Education Quarterly)“In Trying Biology, Shapiro offers an indispensable new argument about the crucial issues at play in evolution education in the 1920s. . . . Historians will be well advised to consider Shapiro’s careful argument about the relationships between science, education, and textbook publishing.” (Adam Laats, Binghamton University, SUNY Register of the Kentucky Historical Society)[Shapiro's] detailed account of the making of Hunter's New Civic Biology gives us new ways to think about public science in a capitalist democracy. (Stephen P. Weldon Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences)“Insightful and well-researched.” (Rick Ostrander, Cornerstone University American Historical Review)“Shapiro’s approach is profound as it can and should be applied to other episodes in the history of science. The message is a concise and convincing contribution to the history of science.” (Elizabeth D. Jones, University College London Quarterly Review of Biology)"Shapiro has provided valuable additional information concerning the Scopes trial, its origins, and its impact. Any student of the evolution controversy in America will profit greatly from his discussion of the central role played by those involved with the publication and marketing of biology textbooks during the early twentieth century." (George E. Webb Reports of the National Center for Science Education)“Trying Biology is a wonderfully lucid exploration of how the Scopes ‘monkey’ trial became one of the signature events in the history of science and religion in America. In its focus on how textbooks of biology were published, marketed, sold, and adopted in various political contexts, it provides us with a provocative and novel understanding of how textbooks shaped public understanding of biology and continue to be a political flashpoint of biology education in America. It will prove essential reading for anyone interested in the history of biology, in American education, and in the complex relations between science and religion in America.” (Vassiliki Betty Smocovitis, University of Florida)“Building on exhaustive research and probing into such diverse enterprises as textbook production and marketing, public education, and state-level politics, Adam R. Shapiro has situated the Scopes trial within a much broader context than any scholar before him. Trying Biology also demonstrates how ideologues have used differing interpretations of the Scopes trial to advance their agendas. By situating the trial within this much broader framework, the author has significantly enlarged our understanding of the conversations between religion and science in twentieth-century America.” (Randall Balmer, author of The Making of Evangelicalism)“For decades scholars have been debating how the Scopes trial influenced American biology textbooks. In this meticulously documented and persuasively argued new book, Adam R. Shapiro gives the definitive answer: the antievolution movement that began in the early 1920s had a profound effect on the presentation of evolution; the trial in 1925, very little.” (Ronald L. Numbers, University of Wisconsin–Madison)“How did American children learn about evolution? From biology textbooks, of course. Adam R. Shapiro has provided our first truly historical account of the textbook industry and its complicated relationship to evolution instruction in public schools. As Shapiro shows, the Scopes trial was as much about the texts that we read—and the schools where we read them—as it was about Charles Darwin or the Book of Genesis. Shapiro’s study is itself a textbook case of careful historical analysis, casting new light on an old controversy. His own readers will surely get a fresh view of the controversy over evolution, and of American education writ large.” (Jonathan Zimmerman, New York University)“Adam Shapiro’s Trying Biology provides a useful corrective to the stale argument that the Scopes Trial and the antievolution movement in general embodied an eternal conflict between science and religion. Shapiro’s account of the battles among textbook authors, publishers, salesmen, and school boards not only adds welcome nuance to our understanding of the trial’s causes and consequences, it provides an enlightening and even entertaining look at the crucial role that money and politics have played in the evolution of biology teaching in America. Trying Biology belongs on the short shelf of essential books on Scopes and antievolutionism.” (Jeffrey P. Moran, author of American Genesis: The Antievolution Controversies from Scopes to Creation Science)
About the Author Adam R. Shapiro is a lecturer in intellectual and cultural history at Birkbeck, University of London.
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Most helpful customer reviews
3 of 3 people found the following review helpful. If all you know about Scopes is "Inherit the Wind", you need to read this. By Edward J. Silveira Trying Biology is a must-read for anyone seriously interested in the history of the Scopes trial and the emergence of the anti-evolution movement in America. Thoroughly documented and insightful, the book sheds fresh light on events leading up to the trial, and the reverberations continuing to the present day.
0 of 0 people found the following review helpful. If you're considering the purchase of this book because you're ... By Photographer, Mac user If you're considering the purchase of this book because you're interested in the modern-day creation-evolution debate, this is one of those books that isn't beholden to any side. It simply paints a backdrop to historial events, with no axe to grind. However, I'll be clear that I'm writing this review as an evangelical Christian who has no problem with teaching real science, including evolution.If you have any interest in the cultural and political issues and matters of business surrounding the Scopes trial, this book may give you some new things to think about. The author has meticulously researched the goings-on behind textbook publishers, authors, and politicians that resulted in the scenario that was eventually played out in Dayton, Tennessee. I was almost going to give this book four stars because I found a couple of the chapters in the middle to be a bit dry, as informative as they were. However, having finished the book and referring back to my highlights, I've upped my review to five stars. I found the excerpts of letters between publisher and biology text authors to be very revealing (and even entertaining) about the motivations behind the changes which the textbooks underwent over the years. There's nothing shocking or surprising here -- but it's truly an interesting and informative read, and Shapiro deserves a lot of credit for the amount of research that went into it. Footnotes take up about 1/4 of the book, but thankfully they are all at the end and don't get in the way of his writing.I've come away with a new perception of current discussions surrounding Common Core and Next Generation Science Standards, comparing how events almost exactly 100 years ago in many ways (but not all) paralleled what we're seeing today. As it is today, discussions about textbooks and state standards during the Scopes era were as much about fear of government control and indoctrination as they were about science. In fact, as Shapiro shows, creationists were actually less concerned with the specifics of the scientific evidence than they are now. The Tennessee anti-evolution law, as written, said nothing specifically against teaching evolution of animals, and certainly didn't promote a young-Earth or six-day creation point of view. Even William Jennings Bryan, the prosecutor in the Scopes case, believed in an old Earth. What was at stake was only the teaching of human evolution. What a surprise to find out that the prominent textbooks in use at the time didn't even include explicit references to human evolution. The furor and uproar surrounding Scopes was as much about perceptions and political posturing as it was about facts.If your only view of the Scopes trial is the movie "Inherit the Wind", this book will give you a much richer understanding of the sides that were sparring at that time.
0 of 0 people found the following review helpful. A fascinating history By David A. Rintoul (excerpted from my review in Choice, the review journal of the American Library Association)This is a fascinating history, painstakingly documented and thought provoking. Trying Biology begins with a topic (the 1925 "Monkey Trial" in Dayton, Tennessee) that people think they know about, and weaves in several threads that change the color of that familiar fabric. As such, it is difficult to summarize succinctly. It is a story of how some familiar forces (anti-intellectualism, parochialism, greed, graft, and opportunism) combined with some forgotten forces (the civic biology movement, efforts to provide public education to all, and amoral textbook sales tactics) in 1925, producing a show trial as well as setting in motion some new social forces that still vex educators today. Shapiro (Birkbeck, Univ. of London, UK) makes a strong case that evolution per se was not the issue that forced this dramatic outcome; it depended on deeper-seated (and still powerful) resentments against government intrusion and expert opinions about pedagogy. Added to the narrative are some entertaining details about textbook sales agents, authors, and editors, which still have parallels in America today. In brief, readers of this book will learn a lot, not just about the trial but about the deep roots of social trends and public policies that still hold sway in 2013.
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Trying Biology: The Scopes Trial, Textbooks, and the Antievolution Movement in American Schools, by Adam R. Shapiro
